Carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and prostate cancer risk: pooled analysis of 15 studies
Timothy J. Key
(1)
,
Paul N. Appleby
(1)
,
Ruth C. Travis
(1)
,
Demetrius Albanes
(2)
,
Anthony J. Alberg
(3, 4)
,
Aurelio Barricarte
(5, 6)
,
Amanda Black
(2)
,
Heiner Boeing
(7)
,
H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita
(8, 9, 10)
,
June M. Chan
(11)
,
Chu Chen
(12)
,
Michael B. Cook
(2)
,
Jenny L. Donovan
(13)
,
Maria del Pilar Galan
(14)
,
Rebecca Gilbert
(13)
,
Graham G. Giles
(15)
,
Edward Giovannucci
(16, 17)
,
Gary E. Goodman
(18)
,
Phyllis J. Goodman
(12)
,
Marc J. Gunter
(10)
,
Freddie C. Hamdy
(19)
,
Markku Heliövaara
(20)
,
Kathy J. Helzlsouer
(21)
,
Brian E. Henderson
(22)
,
Serge Hercberg
(14)
,
Judy Hoffman-Bolton
(23)
,
Robert N. Hoover
(2)
,
Mattias Johansson
(24, 25)
,
Kay-Tee Khaw
(26)
,
Irena B. King
(12, 27)
,
Paul Knekt
(20)
,
Laurence N. Kolonel
(28)
,
Loïc Le Marchand
(28)
,
Satu Männistö
(20)
,
Richard M. Martin
(13, 29, 30)
,
Haakon E. Meyer
(31, 32)
,
Alison M. Mondul
(2)
,
Kristin A. Moy
(2)
,
David E. Neal
(33)
,
Marian L. Neuhouser
(12)
,
Domenico Palli
(34)
,
Elizabeth A. Platz
(3)
,
Camille Pouchieu
(15)
,
Harri Rissanen
(20)
,
Jeannette M. Schenk
(35)
,
Gianluca Severi
(15)
,
Meir J. Stampfer
(16, 17)
,
Anne Tjønneland
(36)
,
Mathilde Touvier
(14)
,
Antonia Trichopoulou
(37, 38)
,
Stephanie J. Weinstein
(2)
,
Regina G. Ziegler
(2)
,
Cindy Ke Zhou
(2)
,
Naomi E. Allen
(19)
1
Nuffield Department of Population Health - Cancer Epidemiology Unit
2 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
3 Department of Epidemiology
4 MUSC - Medical University of South Carolina [Charleston]
5 Navarra Public Health Institute
6 CIBERESP - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública = Consortium for Biomedical Research of Epidemiology and Public Health
7 Department of Epidemiology
8 RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]
9 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
10 School of Public Health
11 UC San Francisco - University of California [San Francisco]
12 FHCRC - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle]
13 School of Social and Community Medicine
14 CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153) - Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité
15 Cancer Epidemiology Centre
16 Harvard School of Public Health
17 Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston]
18 University of Washington [Seattle]
19 University of Oxford
20 National Institute of Health and Welfare
21 Prevention and Research Center
22 USC - University of Southern California
23 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore]
24 IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer
25 Umeå University
26 Department of Public Health and Primary Care
27 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
28 Cancer Center
29 Medical Research Council
30 NHS - National Institute for Health Research
31 UiO - University of Oslo
32 Norwegian institute for public health
33 Department of Oncology
34 Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevezione Oncologica
35 Cancer Prevention Program
36 Institute of Cancer Epidemiology
37 Hellenic Health Foundation
38 Bureau of Epidemiologic Research
2 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
3 Department of Epidemiology
4 MUSC - Medical University of South Carolina [Charleston]
5 Navarra Public Health Institute
6 CIBERESP - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública = Consortium for Biomedical Research of Epidemiology and Public Health
7 Department of Epidemiology
8 RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]
9 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
10 School of Public Health
11 UC San Francisco - University of California [San Francisco]
12 FHCRC - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle]
13 School of Social and Community Medicine
14 CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153) - Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité
15 Cancer Epidemiology Centre
16 Harvard School of Public Health
17 Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston]
18 University of Washington [Seattle]
19 University of Oxford
20 National Institute of Health and Welfare
21 Prevention and Research Center
22 USC - University of Southern California
23 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore]
24 IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer
25 Umeå University
26 Department of Public Health and Primary Care
27 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
28 Cancer Center
29 Medical Research Council
30 NHS - National Institute for Health Research
31 UiO - University of Oslo
32 Norwegian institute for public health
33 Department of Oncology
34 Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevezione Oncologica
35 Cancer Prevention Program
36 Institute of Cancer Epidemiology
37 Hellenic Health Foundation
38 Bureau of Epidemiologic Research
Timothy J. Key
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 925891
Graham G. Giles
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 780114
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4946-9099
Serge Hercberg
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1136672
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3168-1350
- IdRef : 02858709X
Mattias Johansson
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 767866
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3116-5081
- IdRef : 195811100
Gianluca Severi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 775780
- IdHAL : gianluca-severi
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7157-419X
- IdRef : 198040598
Anne Tjønneland
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757260
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4385-2097
Mathilde Touvier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1136541
Résumé
Background: Individual studies have suggested that circulating carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols may be associated with prostate cancer risk, but the studies have not been large enough to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by stage and grade of disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a pooled analysis of the associations of the concentrations of 7 carotenoids, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol with risk of prostate cancer and to describe whether any associations differ by stage or grade of the disease or other factors. Design: Principal investigators of prospective studies provided individual participant data for prostate cancer cases and controls. Risk by study-specific fifths of each biomarker was estimated by using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression in matched case-control sets. Results: Data were available for up to 11,239 cases (including 1654 advanced stage and 1741 aggressive) and 18,541 controls from 15 studies. Lycopene was not associated with overall risk of prostate cancer, but there was statistically significant heterogeneity by stage of disease, and the OR for aggressive disease for the highest compared with the lowest fifth of lycopene was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.91; P-trend = 0.032). No other carotenoid was significantly associated with overall risk of prostate cancer or with risk of advanced-stage or aggressive disease. For retinol, the OR for the highest compared with the lowest fifth was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.22; P-trend = 0.015). For alpha-tocopherol, the OR for the highest compared with the lowest fifth was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.94; P-trend < 0.001), with significant heterogeneity by stage of disease; the OR for aggressive prostate cancer was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.92; P-trend = 0.001). gamma-Tocopherol was not associated with risk. Conclusions: Overall prostate cancer risk was positively associated with retinol and inversely associated with alpha-tocopherol, and risk of aggressive prostate cancer was inversely associated with lycopene and alpha-tocopherol. Whether these associations reflect causal relations is unclear.